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Linux DNS Server Configuration

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Linux DNS Server Configuration

Domain Name System (DNS) is an essential component of the internet that allows you to access websites using domain names instead of IP addresses. A DNS server translates domain names into IP addresses so that your computer can communicate with the requested website. In this article, we will guide you on how to configure a Linux DNS server.

Prerequisites:

  • A Linux system with root access
  • Basic knowledge of Linux commands

Step 1: Install BIND DNS Server

BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) is the most widely used DNS server on the internet. To install BIND on your Linux system, run the following command:

sudo apt-get install bind9

Step 2: Configure BIND

The BIND configuration file is located at /etc/bind/named.conf. Open this file using a text editor and make the following changes:

  • Define the DNS server's IP address:
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.0.10; };

Replace "192.168.0.10" with the IP address of your DNS server.

  • Allow recursive DNS queries:
recursion yes;
  • Set up a forwarder:
forwarders {
8.8.8.8;
8.8.4.4;
};

This will forward DNS queries to Google's public DNS servers. Replace these addresses with the IP addresses of your preferred DNS servers.

Step 3: Create DNS Zones

A DNS zone is a part of the DNS namespace that is managed by a specific DNS server. To create a zone, you need to define its domain name, DNS server, and DNS records.

Create a forward zone:

  • Create a zone file:
sudo nano /etc/bind/db.example.com

Replace "example.com" with your domain name.

  • Add the following content to the file:
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (
2022042501 ; Serial
3600 ; Refresh
1800 ; Retry
604800 ; Expire
86400 ; Minimum TTL
)

@ IN NS ns1.example.com.
@ IN A 192.168.0.10
www IN A 192.168.0.11

This creates a DNS zone for "example.com" with two DNS records: one for the DNS server (ns1.example.com) and one for a website (www.example.com).

  • Add the zone to named.conf:
sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local

Add the following content:

zone "example.com" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.example.com";
};

Create a reverse zone:

  • Determine the reverse DNS zone for your network. For example, if your IP address range is 192.168.0.0/24, your reverse zone is 0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
  • Create a zone file:
sudo nano /etc/bind/db.0.168.192
  • Add the following content to the file:
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (
2022042501 ; Serial
3600 ; Refresh
1800 ; Retry
604800 ; Expire
86400 ; Minimum TTL
)

@ IN NS ns1.example.com.
10 IN PTR ns1.example.com.
11 IN PTR www.example.com.

This creates a reverse DNS zone for the IP addresses in the 192.

Related Searches and Questions asked:

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  • That's it for this post. Keep practicing and have fun. Leave your comments if any.